In the 1950s, when the Cold War was at its apex and atomic warfare
appeared not only possible but likely, children willingly lined up at
schools to perform their civic duty. They raised their arms, gritted
their teeth, and held still while tattoo needles began piercing their
flesh, leaving them with their blood type stamped on their skin. If the
Soviet Union targeted areas of the United States for destruction, it
would be vital to have a protocol for blood transfusions to treat
radiation poisoning. Matches would need to be found quickly, and the
tattoos would prove invaluable. By 1955, 60,000 children had been
tattooed in Indiana and Utah, but despite their cooperation, other
states failed to follow their lead. The Korean conflict had come to an
end by 1953, reducing the strain put on blood supplies, and eventually
the tattoo program fell out of favor. Still, there are thousands of
adults today who still bear the mark of their blood type on their
bodies.